Dibutyl phthalate induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells via the Ang II/AMPKα2/Cx43 signaling pathway.

Maternal exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) induces renal fibrosis in offspring. However, the specific roles of connexin 43 (Cx43) in DBP-induced renal fibrosis remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, we analysed the expression of Cx43 in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) with or without DBP exposure using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. A small interfering RNA against Cx43 was introduced to assess its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RTECs caused by 100 µmol/L DBP. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α2 and angiotensin (Ang) II inhibitors to determine the mechanisms involved in the expression of Cx43 in HK-2 cells. RT-qPCR and western blotting revealed that DBP increased the expression of Cx43 in vitro. Moreover, Cx43 knockdown significantly alleviated DBP-induced EMT caused by DBP in HK-2 cells. Bioinformatics analysis with AMPKα2 and Ang II inhibitors revealed that DBP upregulated Cx43 expression by activating the Ang II/AMPKα2 signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that DBP induces renal fibrosis by activating Ang II/AMPKα2/Cx43 signaling pathway and EMT in RETCs, suggesting a potential target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.

Effects of rhGLP-1 (7-36) on Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway in hepatocytes / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of rhGLP-1 (7-36) on Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway in hepatocytes.Methods:Human HL7702 cell line was cultured to the logarithmic growth stage and divided into experimental group and blank control group. The cultures were incubated with 100nM medium containing rhglp-1 (7-36) and without rhglp-1 (7-36) for 90min. The levels of Akt, Glycogen synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) and Glycogen synthase (GS) in the two groups were detected by Western Blot.Results:Compared with blank control group, the protein expression of p-Akt (Thr308) in experimental group (1.81±0.28) was significantly increased ( P=0.01), but the protein expression of Akt and p-Akt (Ser473) was not significantly changed. The protein expression levels of p-GSK3α (Ser21) (1.27±0.09) and p-GSK3β (Ser9) (1.24±0.09) in the experimental group were significantly increased ( P=0.003, 0.002), while the protein expression levels of GSK3α and GSK3β were not significantly changed. The protein expression level of p-GS (Ser641) (0.70±0.16) was decreased in the experimental group ( P=0.03), but the protein expression level of GS did not change significantly. Conclusion:Glp-1 can inhibit GSK3/GS signaling pathway, activate GS activity and promote glycogen synthesis.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of post-stroke depression / 国际脑血管病杂志

Post-stroke depression (PSD) refers to a series of affective disorder syndrome characterized by low mood and lack of interest after stroke, often accompanied by physical symptoms, which is a common complication of stroke. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation have been widely used in the treatment of PSD in recent years. This article summarizes the research progress of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of PSD.

Effect of music therapy on motor function recovery in patients with stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

As a new therapeutic method, music therapy has a good clinical effect on improving the motor dysfunction of patients with stroke. This article reviews the concept, main forms of music therapy and its role in motor function recovery of patients with stroke.

Comparison of the effectiveness and pregnancy outcomes of labor induction with dinoprostone or single-balloon catheter in term nulliparous women with borderline oligohydramnios / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUNDS@#At present, there is no consensus on the induction methods in term pregnancy with borderline oligohydramnios. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and pregnancy outcomes of labor induction with dinoprostone or single-balloon catheter (SBC) in term nulliparous women with borderline oligohydramnios.@*METHODS@#We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 2016 to November 2018. During the study period, a total of 244 cases were enrolled. Of these, 103 cases were selected for induction using dinoprostone and 141 cases were selected for induction with SBC. The pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were compared. Primary outcomes were successful vaginal delivery rates. Secondary outcomes were maternal and neonatal adverse events. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors for vaginal delivery failure in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The successful vaginal delivery rates were similar between the dinoprostone group and the SBC group (64.1% [66/103] vs. 59.6%, [84/141] P = 0.475), even after adjustment for potential confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-2.00, P = 0.835). The incidence of intra-amniotic infection was lower in the dinoprostone group than in the SBC group (1.9% [2/103] vs. 7.8%, [11/141] P < 0.001), but the presence of non-reassuring fetal heart rate was higher in the dinoprostone group than in the SBC group (12.6% [13/103] vs. 0.7%, [1/141] P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that nuchal cord was a risk factor for vaginal delivery failure after induction with dinoprostone (aOR: 6.71, 95% CI: 1.96-22.95). There were three factors related to vaginal delivery failure after induction with SBC, namely gestational age (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.07-2.14), body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 (aOR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.10-8.02), and fetal weight >3500 g (aOR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.12-5.50).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Term nulliparous women with borderline oligohydramnios have similar successful vaginal delivery rates after induction with dinoprostone or SBC, with their advantages and disadvantages. In women with nuchal cord, the risk of vaginal delivery failure is increased if dinoprostone is used in the induction of labor. BMI >30 kg/m2, large gestational age, and estimated fetal weight >3500 g are risk factors for vaginal delivery failure after induction with SBC.

Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Thoracolumbar Vertebra Heterogeneity and Rib-genesis in Pigs / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Development of thoracolumbar vertebra (TLV) and rib primordium (RP) is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates, although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV- and RP-related genes has been lacking. Here, we investigated the single-cell transcriptome landscape of thoracic vertebra (TV), lumbar vertebra (LV), and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization (dpf) and identified six cell types with distinct gene expression signatures. In-depth dissection of the gene expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and RP development. Further analysis of cell type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high level of HOXA10 3'-UTR sequence specific to osteoblasts of LV cells, which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition. Thus, this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell type-specific resolution, which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.

Study on Fingerprint and in vitro Antiviral Activity of Lonicera japonica Polysaccharide / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establis h the fingerprint of Lonicera japonica polysaccharide，and to investigate in vitro inhibitory effect of it on respiratory syndrome virus （RSV）. METHODS ：Polysaccharide from L. japonica was prepared by water extraction and twice alcohol precipitation method. After hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid ，derivatization with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and pyridine ，the fingerprint was established by GC method. The determination was performed on HP- 5 capillary column ，and the detector was flame ionization detector ；the temperature of the sample inlet was 250 ℃；the temperature of the detector was 300 ℃ （programmed temperature ）；the carrier gas was nitrogen （flow rate of 50 mL/min）；split sampling was adopted （split ratio of 60∶1）；the sample size was 2.0 μL. Using rhamnose as reference substance，GC fingerprint of 12 batches of L. japonica （S1-S12） was drawn ，and the similarity evaluation was performed with Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Fingerprint （2012 edition）. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted by using SPSS 21.0 software. Using ribavirin as positive control ， half effective concentration （EC50）and treatment index （TI）as indexes ，MTT assay was used to investigate in vitro inhibitory effect of L. japonica polysaccharide on RSV. RESULTS ：There were 12 common peaks in GC fingerprint of 12 batches of L. japonica. The similarity was greater than or equal to 0.994. Seven common peaks were identified ，such as rhamnose ，arabinose， fucose，mannose，glucose，galactose，inositol hexaacetate. According to the cluster analysis ，12 batches of samples could be divided into two categories ，i.e. S 1，S7，S10 and S 11 clustered into one category ，and others clustered into one category. In principal component analysis ，the eigen values of 3 principal components were all greater than 1 （5.659，2.745，1.724 respectively），and their cumulative contribution rate was 84.400％. The comprehensive score of S 12 was the highest ，the second was S 5，and the lowest was S 11. EC 50 of total polysaccharide ，80％ alcohol precipitated polysaccharide ，50％ alcohol precipitated polysaccharide and 20％ alcohol precipitated polysaccharide of L. japonica （No. S 12） were 0.76，0.61，1.03，3.04 g/L， respectively；TI were 15.36，18.51，11.69，4.22，respectively. EC 50 of 80％ ethanol alcohol precipitated polysaccharide was the lowest，and its TI was close to that of positive control （20.08）. CONCLUSIONS ：Established fingerprint provides reference for the quality evaluation of L. japonica . L. japonica polysaccharide has a certain inhibitory activity on RSV in vitro ，and the 80％ alcohol precipitated polysaccharide has the strongest activity.

Oral administration of leeches (Shuizhi): A review of the mechanisms of action on antiplatelet aggregation.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leeches (Shuizhi) comprise approximately 680 species distributed throughout the world. As recorded, they have been used as traditional Chinese medicines since the Eastern Han Dynasty, where they were claimed for promote blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis. And have been used to prevent CVDs by exerting multiple effects when orally administered, one of which is the significant inhibition of platelet aggregation. Its ability to exert this effect has been extensively investigated in vivo and in clinical practice. AIM OF STUDY: The aim of this review is to summarize and analyse the antiplatelet aggregation mechanisms of leeches by oral administration, support their therapeutic potential and uncover opportunities for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant studies from 1980 to 2018 on leeches and platelet aggregation were collected from ancient books, pharmacopoeia, reports and theses via library and internet databases (PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar, Web of science, SciFinder, Springer and Elsevier). RESULTS: Leeches is a unique animal medicine, they can prevent platelet aggregation by inhibiting ADP-induced platelet aggregation, increasing PGI2, decreasing TXA2 and Ca2+, and possibly recovering endothelial cell dysfunction. Leeches also exhibit a strong ability to activate eNOS, leading to an increase in platelet-derived NO. Additionally, the pteridine compounds obtained and identified from leeches have sulfur structure similar to those of other antiplatelet aggregation agents, such as ticlopidine, clopidogrel and ticagrelor. CONCLUSION: The present review has focused on the related antiplatelet aggregation mechanisms, dipyridine compounds and toxicological information of leeches. According to the reported data, leeches have emerged as a good source of natural medicine for the treatment of antiplatelet aggregation agents and also make educated guesses for material basis of effects on antiplatelet aggregation. This review can help provide new insights for further studies in association with the development of effective antiplatelet aggregation drugs from natural medicines, especially leeches.

The usage of comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a multicenter, prospective study / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the feasibility and potential value of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in elderly (≥60 years) patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in China.@*Methods@#The CGA results of 83 newly diagnosed AML (non-APL) patients from 16 hospitals in Beijing and Tianjin between March 2016 and December 2017 were prospectively collected and analyzed. The clinical data, treatment and follow-up information were also collected.@*Results@#Of 83 newly diagnosed elderly AML patients, 81 patients (97.6%) completed all designated CGA assessment. The median number of impaired scales of the CGA assessment in the studied population was 2(0-6). Sixteen patients (19.3%) showed no impairments according to the geriatric assessment scales implem ented by this study. The distributions of impaired scales were as follows: impairment in ADL, 55.4%; IADL impairment, 42.2%; MNA-SF impairment, 48.2%; cognitive impairment, 15.7%; GDS impairment, 31.7%; HCT-CI impairment, 19.5%, respectively. In patients with "good" ECOG (n=46), the proportion of impairment for each CGA scale ranged from 6.5% to 37.0% and 32 patients (68.9%) had at least one impaired CGA scale. Survival analysis showed that the number of impaired scales of the CGA was significantly correlated with median overall survival (P=0.050).@*Conclusions@#CGA was a tool with feasibility for the comprehensive evaluation in elderly AML patients in China. Combined with age and ECOG, CGA may be more comprehensive in assessing patients’ physical condition.

Association between fresh fruit consumption and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the association between fresh fruit consumption and status of glycemic control, among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).@*Methods@#Using the stratified cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 19 473 diabetic patients who were under the Disease Management Program related to the National Basic Public Health Service in Changshu county, Huai’an and Qinghe districts of Huai’an city from December 2013 to January 2014, under the combination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) methods, the glycemic control status in T2DM patients was assessed. Multiple logistic regression method was used to explore the relationship between fresh fruit consumption and status of glycemic control among T2DM patients.@*Results@#62.4% of the T2DM patients reported their amount of fruits intake in the past year. Both the levels of FPG and HbA1c decreased in T2DM patients, when the frequency and amount of fresh fruit consumption were increasing. Compared with patients who did not take fresh fruits, the risk of poor glycemic control in patients with fresh fruit consumption of 1-4 times/week and ≥5 times/week decreased 20% (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.73-0.87) and 30% (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.62-0.80), respectively. Patients with fruit consumption of 50-99 g/day and ≥100 g/day had lower risk of poor glycemic control, with ORs (95%CI) as 0.71 (95%CI: 0.62-0.83) and 0.68 (95%CI: 0.59-0.78), respectively.@*Conclusions@#The association of fresh fruit intake and glycemic control was statistically significant in patients with type 2 diabetes. With the increase of frequencies and amounts of fresh fruit consumption, the levels of FPG and HbA1c showed a decreasing trend. Our findings suggested that fresh fruit intake seemed helpful for glycemic control.

Effect of intervention programs regarding community “5 + 1” staged diabetes target management on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the effect of intervention programs and influencing factors regarding the community “5 + 1” staged diabetes target management on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to provide evidence for improving the quality of life (QOL).Methods A total of 12 community health service centers from Shanxi province,Jiangsu province,and Ningxia Hui autonomous region were selected as intervention group and control group,by stratified cluster sampling method.“5 + 1” model was used in intervention groups and basic public health services model was applied in control groups for this two-year follow-up.Data was collected through a questionnaire on demographic and disease-related information,while the QOL was measured with SF-36.Multiple linear regression and conducted by SAS 9.4.Results A total of 2 467 subjects were included at baseline and 1 924 had completed a two-year-long management service.After intervention programs being implemented,the net effect of PCS score between the intervention and the control groups was 13.6,with the net effect of MCS score as 29.8.Results from the multiple linear regression showed that the main factors affecting PCS scores included age,type of medical insurance,baseline PCS score and regions of residency.Main factors related to MCS score included age,type of medical insurance,baseline MCS score,hypertension,and region of residency.Conclusion Community “5 + 1” staged diabetes target management model presented favorable effect of improving the QOL on T2DM patients.

Effect of intervention programs regarding community “5 + 1” staged diabetes target management on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the effect of intervention programs and influencing factors regarding the community “5 + 1” staged diabetes target management on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to provide evidence for improving the quality of life (QOL).Methods A total of 12 community health service centers from Shanxi province,Jiangsu province,and Ningxia Hui autonomous region were selected as intervention group and control group,by stratified cluster sampling method.“5 + 1” model was used in intervention groups and basic public health services model was applied in control groups for this two-year follow-up.Data was collected through a questionnaire on demographic and disease-related information,while the QOL was measured with SF-36.Multiple linear regression and conducted by SAS 9.4.Results A total of 2 467 subjects were included at baseline and 1 924 had completed a two-year-long management service.After intervention programs being implemented,the net effect of PCS score between the intervention and the control groups was 13.6,with the net effect of MCS score as 29.8.Results from the multiple linear regression showed that the main factors affecting PCS scores included age,type of medical insurance,baseline PCS score and regions of residency.Main factors related to MCS score included age,type of medical insurance,baseline MCS score,hypertension,and region of residency.Conclusion Community “5 + 1” staged diabetes target management model presented favorable effect of improving the QOL on T2DM patients.

Effect of endothelial cell-targeted soluble Notch ligand hD1R protein on the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effects of endothelial cell-targeted soluble Notch ligand hD1R protein on the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells.@*Methods@#The expression levels of Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, Notch4, Hes1 in bone marrow CD34+ cells from 24 cases of untreated AML (AML group) and 9 healthy controls (control group) were determined by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . Recombinant hD1R protein was first induced and purified. Bone marrow CD34+ cells were co-cultured on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) supplemented with a cocktail containing 5 types of human cytokines (5GF) and soluble hD1R. The cultured cells were tested under different culture conditions including PBS group (PBS replaces HUVEC) , hD1R group, 5GF group, GSI group (hD1R plus GSI) . Proliferation and apoptosis of cultured cells were also analyzed. Real time quantitative PCR was used to test the expression levels of Hes1 and Bcl-2 in cultured cells.@*Results@#The expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1 in primary AML patients were significantly lower, and Notch4 expression was higher compared to the control group (P<0.05) . Cell counting showed a remarkable decrease of AML cells number in the culture with hD1R compared with that in the PBS group[ (0.74±0.13) ×105 vs (2.16±0.21) ×105, P<0.01]. FACS analysis showed that the percentage of AML cells was (18.48±2.51) % in apoptosis, which was higher than that of control cells (3.19±0.58) % after co-culture with hD1R. AML cells in the hD1R group underwent significantly increased apoptosis compared with those in the PBS one (P<0.05) . Moreover, apoptosis of AML cells in the GSI group was lower than that in the hD1R one (P<0.05) . Apoptosis in the PBS group also decreased compared with that in the 5GF one (P<0.05) . Finally, hD1R up-regulated Hes1 expression and inhibited Bcl-2 one in the AML cells.@*Conclusion@#hD1R effectively activated Notch signaling and down-regulated Bcl-2 mRNA in AML cells, which lead to cell apoptosis.

On the achievement of comprehensive control targets among type 2 diabetic patients managed by communities in Jiangsu province / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To explore the control levels of blood glucose,blood lipid,blood pressure(BP),and body mass index(BMI)in the community-managed patients with type 2 diabetes in Jiangsu and to provide the basis for better management of type 2 diabetes in communities. Methods From December 2013 to January 2014,20 053 patients with type 2 diabetes and have received disease management according to the National Basic Public Health Service were recruited in Changshu County of Suzhou City, Huai'an and Qinghe Districts of Huai'an City. Questionnaire survey, anthropometric and laboratory measurements were conducted. According to the Chinese guidelines for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment(2013),the control levels of blood glucose,blood lipid,BP, and BMI were assessed. Results Among 20 053 patients with type 2 diabetes,the proportions for controlled fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and HbA1Cwere 31.4% and 41.9% respectively,and 25.3% of the patients simultaneously achieved goals of FPG and HbA1Ccontrol. There were 23.9%,55.7%,75.5% and 24.2% of the patients met goals for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), respectively. Only 10. 3% of the patients achieved all the 4 targets of blood lipid. Furthermore,there were 25.4% and 35.9% patients achieved BP and BMI targets respectively,and the control rates for BP and BMI of females were higher than those of males(all P<0.05). Less than 1% of the patients had all eights indices controlled at target levels. Conclusions The achievement of comprehensive targets among community patients with type 2 diabetes remains poor in Jiangsu. Follow-up and management of type 2 diabetes should be strengthened in communities,health education and comprehensive intervention on disease complications should also be reinforced accordingly.

PGRN over-expression inhibits LPS-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of progranulin (PGRN) on the proliferation, apoptosis and inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human alveolar epithelial A549 cells and HPAEpiC cells.METHODS:The cells were divided into 4 groups:control group (the normal cultured cells), LPS group [the cells were treated with LPS (10 mg/L)], PGRN+LPS group (the cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-PGRN plasmids and then treated with LPS), and pcDNA3.1+LPS group (the cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-EGFP plasmids and then treated with LPS).The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, cell proliferation was measured by BrdU incorporation assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of PGRN at mRNA and protein levels was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, p65 and p-IκB-α were determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with control group, the cell proliferation rate was decreased (P<0.05), and the apoptotic rate was increased (P<0.05) in LPS group.The protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05), and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated (P<0.05).The protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05), and the protein levels of p65 and p-IκB-α were enhanced (P<0.05).Compared with LPS group, the cell proliferation rate was increased (P<0.05), and the apoptotic rate was decreased (P<0.05) in PGRN+LPS group.The protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated (P<0.05).The protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), and the protein levels of p65 and p-IκB-α were decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:PGRN over-expression may alleviate LPS-induced abnormal proliferation, apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production in the A549 cells and HPAEpiC cells, which may be associated with the regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Risk screening of osteoporosis in community residents and its influencing factors / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To explore the influencing factors of high risk osteoporosis (OP) population. Methods Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 1 district was selected from each of the 6 cities randomly, then 3 communities were selected from each district randomly. Questionnaire investigation and physical examination were applied to community residents aged 40-69 years old. The questionnaire mainly included basic information, OP risk assessment (using the 1 minute test method developed by the International OP Foundation), health status and lifestyle information (recent 12 months). The relationship between high-risk groups and influencing factors was analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. Results Totally 6577 valid questionnaires were collected, 2069 were male (31.46％) and 4508 were female (68.54％). A total of 166 cases (2.52％) were found as self-reported OP patients at the age of 40-69, self-reported rate of male (1.55％) was lower than that of female (2.97％) (χ2=11.719, P5000 (OR=1.336) and BMI>24.00 (OR=1.322), they were all related to a increased proportion of high risk population. Conclusion The proportion of OP high-risk groups is higher among people aged 40-69. Gender, age, cultural level, occupation, bad health status and lifestyle changes are closely related to higher OP risk. Community residents OP screening should be continued to further study the risk factors of OP.

Application of Lean Six Sigma to optimize the process flow of blood culture positive specimen processing flow / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To shorten the turn around time of positive blood culture results by optimizing the blood culture positive specimen processing flow.Methods In January 26,2015,the microbiology department started the blood culture positive specimen processing flow optimization project,and applied the Lean Six Sigma method in the microbiological process management.The TAT data of 124 positive blood cultures containing Enterobacteriaceae were collected before and after the start of the project in about two months.We analyzed the turnaround time median,mean and standard deviation and reference Z value,process performance index,millions of error opportunities.We decompose the turnaround time into six time periods to find the key points of the process improvement and the influencing factors,and then put forward the reform measures to optimize the blood culture inspection process.MiniTab17.0 statistical software was used to process capability analysis and double sample t test.Results After the implementation of the project,the average turnaround time of the blood culture was shortened from 77.10 h to 64.03 h,improved by 13.06 h(16.94％).Process performance greatly improved in Ppk value increased from 0.49 to 0.88,the benchmark Z value increased from 1.48 to 2.63.After the improvement,except the positive alarm time of blood culture,the mean of the other decomposition time was significantly shorter than before.Conclusions The application of Six Sigma in process management can greatly improve the work efficiency and process performance.This project can save a lot of manpower,material and financial resources,reduce the waiting,shorten turnaround time,that achieve the desired results.

Association between smoking/smoking cessation and glycemic control in male patients with type2 diabetes / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the association of smoking and smoking cessation with glycemic control in male patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods From December 2013 to January 2014, a total of 7763 male patients with type 2 diabetes, who received national basic public health service in Changshu county of Suzhou city, Huai'an and Qinghe districts of Huai'an city, Jiangsu province, were recruited by cluster sampling. Questionnaire survey and anthropometric measurements were conducted, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured. Multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the association of smoking and smoking cessation with glycemic control. Results The prevalence of current smoking was 45.5%in male patients with type 2 diabetes. The levels of FPG and HbA1c increased with number of cigarettes smoked per day compared with non-smokers (P<0.001). Among patients with drug treatment, the average increase of HbA1c level in current smokers with smoking duration ≥30 years and smoking index ≥40 pack-years were 0.27% (95%CI: 0.05%-0.49%) and 0.38% (95%CI: 0.23%-0.53%),respectively. FPG and HbA1c level decreased obviously with smoking cessation years among former smokers (P<0.05). Among the patients receiving no drug treatment, no dose-response relationships were observed between smoking duration, smoking cessation years and levels of FPG and HbA1c. Conclusion Cigarette smoking was negatively related with glycemic control in male type 2 diabetes patients, especially in patients with drug treatment. Smoking cessation may be beneficial for glycemic control. Smoking cessation should be encouraged for diabetes patients as early as possible.

Association between smoking/smoking cessation and glycemic control in male patients with type2 diabetes / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the association of smoking and smoking cessation with glycemic control in male patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods From December 2013 to January 2014, a total of 7763 male patients with type 2 diabetes, who received national basic public health service in Changshu county of Suzhou city, Huai'an and Qinghe districts of Huai'an city, Jiangsu province, were recruited by cluster sampling. Questionnaire survey and anthropometric measurements were conducted, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured. Multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the association of smoking and smoking cessation with glycemic control. Results The prevalence of current smoking was 45.5%in male patients with type 2 diabetes. The levels of FPG and HbA1c increased with number of cigarettes smoked per day compared with non-smokers (P<0.001). Among patients with drug treatment, the average increase of HbA1c level in current smokers with smoking duration ≥30 years and smoking index ≥40 pack-years were 0.27% (95%CI: 0.05%-0.49%) and 0.38% (95%CI: 0.23%-0.53%),respectively. FPG and HbA1c level decreased obviously with smoking cessation years among former smokers (P<0.05). Among the patients receiving no drug treatment, no dose-response relationships were observed between smoking duration, smoking cessation years and levels of FPG and HbA1c. Conclusion Cigarette smoking was negatively related with glycemic control in male type 2 diabetes patients, especially in patients with drug treatment. Smoking cessation may be beneficial for glycemic control. Smoking cessation should be encouraged for diabetes patients as early as possible.

Performance of a new suspended filler biofilter for removal of nitrogen oxides under thermophilic conditions and microbial community analysis.

A suspended biofilter, as a new bioreactor, was constructed for the removal of nitrogen oxides (NOX) from simulated flue gas under thermophilic conditions. The suspended biofilter could be quickly started up by inoculating the thermophilic denitrifying bacterium Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1. The NO concentration in the inlet stream ranged from 200mg/m(3) to 2000mg/m(3) during the operation, and inlet loading ranged from 8.2-164g/(m(3)·h). The whole operation period was divided into four phases according to the EBRT. The EBRT of phases I, II, III and IV were 88s (9-43d), 44s (44-61d), 66s (62-79d) and 132s (80-97d), respectively. An average NO removal efficiency of 90% was achieved during the whole operation period, and the elimination capacity increased linearly with the increase in NO inlet loading and the maximum elimination capacity reached 146.9g/(m(3)·h). No clogging was observed, although there was a high biomass concentration in the biofilter bed. The remarkable performance in terms of NO removal could be attributed to the rich bacterial communities. The microbial community structure in the biofilm was investigated by high throughput sequencing analysis (16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing). The experimental results showed that the microbial community structure of the biofilm was very rich in diversity, with the most abundant bacterial class of the Alphaproteobacteria, which accounted for 36.5% of the total bacteria, followed by Gammaproteobacteria (30.7%) and Clostridia (27.5%). It was worthwhile to mention that the dominant species in the suspended biofilter biofilm were all common denitrifying bacteria including Rhizobiales (inoculated microbe), Rhodospirillales, Enterobacteriales and Pseudomonadales, which accounted for 19.4%, 17%, 21.6% and 7%, respectively. The inoculated strain TAD1 belonged to Alphaproteobacteria class. Because high-throughput 16S rRNA gene paired-end sequencing has improved resolution of bacterial community analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of these bacteria could provide more functional and phylogenetic information about the bacterial communities.